IPA as HTML Entities
IPA as Unicode
The Difference between X-SAMPA and CXS
X-SAMPA (Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet) is a system for representing the International Phonetic Alphabet using ASCII characters and was developed in the mid-1990s when Unicode support was a near-distant dream. Prior to X-SAMPA, different "SAMPA" systems have been developed for various European languages. X-SAMPA brought all SAMPAs together.
However, X-SAMPA's design had one small ambiguity: the underscore symbol is used to mean the affricate tie bar (so that t͡s is represented as t_s), however, it also used as part of some diacritic symbols. At some point in the Internet's early history, a handful of concerned conlangers developed the unofficial "Conlang X-SAMPA" which uses ) after the affricate group, so that t͡s is represented as ts).
CXS also changed the stress symbols to more closely representing the IPA symbols; the primary stress symbol changed from " to ', and secondary stress from % to,. Finally, a few other reasonable little changes were made:
IPA X-SAMPA CXS
ʉ } u\
æ { &
ɶ & &\
Short form (P instead of v\ for /ʋ/, r= instead of r_= for /r̩/
Tie bar (/t͡ʃ/ = tS (Polish cz), /tʃ/ = t-s (Polish trz))
X-SAMPA to IPA conversion guide
! → ꜜ
!\ → ǃ
" → ˈ
% → ˌ
& → ɶ
' → ʲ
-\ → ‿
. → .
1 → ɨ
2 → ø
3 → ɜ
3\ → ɞ
4 → ɾ
5 → ɫ
6 → ɐ
7 → ɤ
8 → ɵ
9 → œ
: → ː
:\ → ˑ
→ ↘
→ ↗
<\ → ʢ
= → ̩
=\ → ǂ
>\ → ʡ
? → ʔ
?\ → ʕ
@ → ə
@\ → ɘ
A → ɑ
B → β
B\ → ʙ
C → ç
D → ð
E → ɛ
F → ɱ
G → ɣ
G\ → ɢ
G\_< → ʛ
H → ɥ
H\ → ʜ
I → ɪ
I\ → ᵻ
J → ɲ
J\ → ɟ
J\_< → ʄ
K → ɬ
K\ → ɮ
L → ʎ
L\ → ʟ
M → ɯ
M\ → ɰ
N → ŋ
N\ → ɴ
O → ɔ
O\ → ʘ
P → ʋ
Q → ɒ
R → ʁ
R\ → ʀ
S → ʃ
T → θ
U → ʊ
U\ → ᵿ
V → ʌ
W → ʍ
X → χ
X\ → ħ
Y → ʏ
Z → ʒ
^ → ꜛ
_" → ̈
_+ → ̟
_- → ̠
_/ → ̌
_0 → ̥
_= → ̩
_> → ʼ
_?\ → ˤ
_A → ̘
_B → ̏
_B_L → ᷅
_F → ̂
_G → ˠ
_H → ́
_H_T → ᷄
_L → ̀
_M → ̄
_N → ̼
_O → ̹
_R → ̌
_R_F → ᷈
_T → ̋
_X → ̆
_\ → ̂
_^ → ̯
_a → ̺
_c → ̜
_d → ̪
_e → ̴
_h → ʰ
_j → ʲ
_k → ̰
_l → ˡ
_m → ̻
_n → ⁿ
_o → ̞
_q → ̙
_r → ̝
_t → ̤
_v → ̬
_w → ʷ
_x → ̽
_} → ̚
_~ → ̃
` → ˞
a → a
b → b
b_< → ɓ
c → c
d → d
d_< → ɗ
d` → ɖ
e → e
f → f
g → ɡ
g_< → ɠ
h → h
h\ → ɦ
i → i
j → j
j\ → ʝ
k → k
l → l
l\ → ɺ
l` → ɭ
m → m
n → n
n` → ɳ
o → o
p → p
p\ → ɸ
q → q
r → r
r\ → ɹ
r\` → ɻ
r` → ɽ
s → s
s\ → ɕ
s` → ʂ
t → t
t` → ʈ
u → u
v → v
v\ → ʋ
w → w
x → x
x\ → ɧ
y → y
z → z
z\ → ʑ
z` → ʐ
{ → æ
| → |
|\ → ǀ
|\|\ → ǁ
|| → ‖
} → ʉ
~ → ̃
